Thursday, September 3, 2020

Prototype (just need feed back) not perfect copy !!! free essay sample

In the event that who I am is the thing that I have and what I have is lost , then who am I ? I dont have a lot so their truly isnt a lot to free; I do have guidelines. I dont attempt to fit in; I feel as I am the ideal size, I know happened to somewhat foreboding however their is a distinction among vanity and just being sure. I invest wholeheartedly in my work wilt it be in school or at the teller line handling exchanges. Im a senior in secondary school, I care about my future and realize my instruction is the way in to a brilliant one. Like some other human man I am not great. Despite the fact that I am suddenly committed and enthusiastic about how I need my future to unwind I am very left and on edge to go to ________ college. From my childhood years I generally had enthusiasm for thisuniversity. We will compose a custom exposition test on Model (simply need criticism) not flawless duplicate !!! or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Intrigue that I have are business and additionally psychology.Im somewhat touchy on what calling I choose to major or minor on. I finished a temporary job for TD bank this mid year under the finical pioneers of tomorrow program of the Philadelphia foundations. I took in a great deal about how the bank work together, it impacted me into picking a vocation along the lines of business arranged.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Diversity Delusion by Heather MacDonald Professor Ramos Blog

The Diversity Delusion by Heather MacDonald https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE-_weLRLK4t=1279s Heather MacDonald is talking at Hillsdale College in Michigan and starts by saying she has had minorities at numerous universities storm the phase during her discourse, walkout and even square the passageway of where she was planned to talk. Her hypothesis is the â€Å"ideology of victimhood† among minorities in the United States is silly and uncontrolled. She talks about the â€Å"victims of oppression† carrying on and expressing they â€Å"fear for their lives† misrepresenting the battle among minorities of a wide range. There is an extending number of orders that is making a craziness and immersion of self centeredness. She feels that the schools are enduring because of changing laws and approaches on tolerating and enlisting understudies since they are confined to keeping the grounds differing as opposed to putting together acknowledgment with respect to capabilities. The organization in these schools support and even energize this conduct with grants and exp ressing gratitude toward the demonstrators for confronting the â€Å"society norm.† They have made predisposition reaction groups to address gives that may emerge nearby. Perusing material is being addressed dependent on the creators race or sex not the material it talks about. Music arranger plans are being focused on guaranteeing there is a differing sexual orientation employed to perform. She expresses all the acclaimed writers, for example, Bach, Mozart and Beethoven were all white guys, â€Å"get over it.† Every aspect of our general public is currently in the â€Å"victimologist crosshairs† in view of this attitude and it should be â€Å"nipped in the butt.†Ã¢ Newsrooms, writers and Hollywood are under a degree and need to differentiate even with inadequate possibility to guarantee they won’t be called bigot. This â€Å"narcissistic delusion† will forestall the achievement of our future since we are surrendering to this development th at is unfortunate for gifted minorities that may not find a new line of work as a result of their personality. This alleged â€Å"delusion† on the social objection and overdramatization of the way that minorities have taken it excessively far. This influences numerous aspects of the world including media, work environment, schools, and music. Minorities have the high ground and adventure their battles bringing about the prohibition of lion's share bunches from being thought of. The aftermath from such shows of ludicrousness reveals insight into an issue that isn’t as large as they cause it to appear. Do you concur with all or part of her hypothesis? Does her hypothesis prompt loathe toward minority gatherings?

Friday, August 21, 2020

Unemployment: Keynesian Ideas and Fiscal Policy Essay -- Economics, Un

Financial strategy, as we probably am aware it today, is intended to relieve joblessness and balance out the economy through total interest. In spite of troubling joblessness numbers, government officials and approach producers proceed to utilize and be idealistic about the viability of monetary strategy in such manner. Approach as we have seen in the course of recent years has had dreary impact on the joblessness numbers we are seeing today. It appears we need a strategy that will handle slacking total interest just as the work issues. An immediate activity creation exertion will work to make the distinctions in total interest and viable interest making harmony and filling the void that the present Keynesian monetary arrangement leaves. Keynesian Ideas The inceptions of numerous thoughts seen in financial strategy originate from John Maynard Keynes a progressive business analyst who handled totaled interest through Keynesian financial aspects. Total interest is the interest for GDP or merchandise and enterprises that the nation brings to the table. It is spoken to by the recipe GDP=AD= C + I + GS+ X or (C) Consumption, (I) Investment, (GS) Government Spending, (X) Net fares. Financial approach basically is utilizing strategies, for example, government spending and tax reductions so as to influence the correct side of this condition and increment total interest. The general understanding across Keynesian hypothesis is that boosting total interest is the exact activity when confronting an economy with dull development and on the shores of downturn. Paving the way to most downturns there is a noteworthy decrease popular for products and enterprises offered in the nation. This lower request prompts stock decreases, lower creation levels, cutbacks and expanded joblessness. So as to settle the economy, th... ...y/jobless-rate-rose-to-73percent-during-government-shutdown-economy-included 204k-occupations/2013/11/08/f51fa1de-481f-11e3-b6f8-3782ff6cb769_story.html) National Economic Council. 2010, â€Å"Jobs and Economic Security For America’s Women.† October. Accessible at http://www.whitehouse.gov/locales/default/records/Jobs-and-Economic-Security-for-Americas-Women.pdf Plumer, Brad (2013). The U.S. work power is as yet contracting. Here’s why. Retreived from Tcherneva, P. 2011. â€Å"Permanent on-the-spot work creationâ€the missing Keynes Plan for full work and monetary transformation.† Review of Social Economics, expected. Tcherneva, Paulina. 2011. â€Å"Fiscal Policy Effectiveness: Lessons from the Great Recession.† Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. Joblessness: Keynesian Ideas and Fiscal Policy Essay - Economics, Un Monetary strategy, as we probably am aware it today, is intended to alleviate joblessness and settle the economy through total interest. In spite of terrible joblessness numbers, legislators and strategy producers proceed to utilize and be hopeful about the adequacy of financial approach in such manner. Arrangement as we have seen in the course of recent years has had grim impact on the joblessness numbers we are seeing today. It appears we need a strategy that will handle slacking total interest just as the business issues. An immediate activity creation exertion will work to make the distinctions in total interest and viable interest making balance and filling the void that the present Keynesian financial strategy leaves. Keynesian Ideas The sources of numerous thoughts seen in monetary arrangement originate from John Maynard Keynes a progressive business analyst who handled collected interest through Keynesian financial matters. Total interest is the interest for GDP or merchandise and ventures that the nation brings to the table. It is spoken to by the equation GDP=AD= C + I + GS+ X or (C) Consumption, (I) Investment, (GS) Government Spending, (X) Net fares. Financial approach basically is utilizing strategies, for example, government spending and tax breaks so as to influence the correct side of this condition and increment total interest. The general understanding across Keynesian hypothesis is that boosting total interest is the exact activity when confronting an economy with dreary development and on the shores of downturn. Paving the way to most downturns there is a noteworthy decrease sought after for products and enterprises offered in the nation. This lower request prompts stock decreases, lower creation levels, cutbacks and expanded joblessness. So as to settle the economy, th... ...y/jobless-rate-rose-to-73percent-during-government-shutdown-economy-included 204k-employments/2013/11/08/f51fa1de-481f-11e3-b6f8-3782ff6cb769_story.html) National Economic Council. 2010, â€Å"Jobs and Economic Security For America’s Women.† October. Accessible at http://www.whitehouse.gov/destinations/default/documents/Jobs-and-Economic-Security-for-Americas-Women.pdf Plumer, Brad (2013). The U.S. work power is as yet contracting. Here’s why. Retreived from Tcherneva, P. 2011. â€Å"Permanent on-the-spot work creationâ€the missing Keynes Plan for full business and monetary transformation.† Review of Social Economics, prospective. Tcherneva, Paulina. 2011. â€Å"Fiscal Policy Effectiveness: Lessons from the Great Recession.† Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

Sunday, June 7, 2020

A Comparative Analysis of 18th Century - 1375 Words

A Comparative Analysis of 18th Century French and English Chairs (Research Paper Sample) Content: Surname:Name:Course:Institution:Date:A Comparative Analysis of 18th Century French and English ChairsSome of the most alluring and refined furniture ever made, exhibiting the highest level of artistic and technical ability was created in the 18th century across both France and England. The French intellectuals developed a fondness for salon- gatherings to discuss art, literature, and politics hence French furniture designers were asked to device new, more comfortable ways to sit. After the social and political unrest of industrialization, there was mass production of French furniture that relished the affluence of baroque, rococo and neo classical styles. These were heavily inspired by the reigns of kings Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI. Elsewhere in England, 18th century brought prosperity of unprecedented scale that led to a huge increase in the production of furniture with a distinctive English style. These styles are the Queen Anne style, Sheraton style and Chi ppendale style CITATION Har01 \l 1033 (Harwood, May and Sherman).French style chairsThe French chairs during this time were characterized by different leg styles. During King Louis 14th reign, French cabinet maker AndrÃÆ' chalets Boulle created revolutionary furniture that had legs which were figural, baluster and claw. Also, Louis 15th chairs retained the same leg formation of figural, baluster and claw. Furthermore, the Louis 15th rococo style chairs had a signature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ shaped cabriole leg, shaped like an animals hind legs. The chairs during King Louis the 16th however had straight fluted legs CITATION Ste98 \l 1033 (Stevens).Meanwhile, the primary construction material that was used in Louis 14th chairs during the baroque period was wood from chestnut, walnut or oak. These were sometimes left natural or were painted bright colors such as red, green or coated silver and even gilded. In addition, precious woods and ebony were imported into Paris to be use d as construction materials while pear and natural woods were used in the provinces. The finish often consisted of various metal and animal materials such as pewter and silver, along with tortoise- shell, horn and ivory CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston).Louis 15th rococo style chairs also used some of the material found in Louis 14th chairs including wood crafted from oak or walnut. In addition to oak and walnut, cherry, ash, plum, chestnut and olive were also used. Louis 16th neoclassical chairs used walnut, ash and burled. Other construction materials used include steel, copper and bronze CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston).The posture and form of the 18th century French chairs was varied. During the era of Louis 14th, the chairs had modest curves and straight lines were prominent CITATION Ste98 \l 1033 (Stevens). Elaborate ornamentation reigned supreme. Moreover, armchairs looked like thrones, with heavy carvings and rich upholstery. The seats were larger and their backs were hi gher while the sides of the upholstered armchair was open.Chairs during Louis 15th rococo were smaller and spring was added to satisfy the salon society that was yearning for comfort. Also, these chairs were sturdy and solid but had flowers that were a popular motif, carved into crest rails, aprons and the knees of chair legs.Meanwhile, Louis 16th Neoclassic style chairs are characterized by broad backs and seats, and straight, tapered legs. The back, seats and arms are upholstered, and all the rails are lavishly carved, gilded and decorated. Louis 16th side chairs and dining chairs are armless and feature both oval and rectilinear frames. Some are tub-shaped, with a curved back CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston).English style chairsThe English chairs using the Queen Anne style have the cabriole leg. It is curved with the knee curving outwards and the ankle curving inwards terminating in an ornamental foot. At the base of Queen Anne style chairs legs is the pad foot, although spade and trifid feet were also used.Similarly, the Chippendale style legs have the cabriole leg. Moreover, fluted legs that were classically styled and reeded were often used.In contrast to the popular cabriole legs of earlier styles, the Sheraton style chairs have straight, sometimes tapered legs. Occasionally, the back legs would be splayed. Also, the Sheraton style legs are often rounded while the Hepplewhite are square in shape. Both Sheraton and Hepplewhite sometimes had legs joined with stretchers.Queen Anne style chairs have bird silhouettes in the negative space of the back splat. Also, it has decorated back splats that include either fiddle or vase splats. The Chippendale style chairs have a yoked shape with the back splats on arm and side chairs intricately pierced. However, some Chippendale chairs have less ornate splats. The Sheraton style chairs mainly exhibits a lyre-carved back splat CITATION Har01 \l 1033 (Harwood, May and Sherman).The crest and back shape of the 18th c entury English chairs is diverse. Queen Anne style chairs have a cyma curve, which is a continuous S-curve that dominates all aspects of the chair. In addition, Queen Anne style chairs have bended backs that are thought to be inspired by the Chinese yoke chair. Other elements found in the Queen Anne style chair is the decorated carved motifs that consist of shells, sunbursts and acanthus leaves CITATION Har01 \l 1033 (Harwood, May and Sherman).On the other hand, the Chippendale style chairs features top railings that have a yoked shape. Shell motifs carrying over from the Queen Anne period may be present. In the Sheraton style chairs, pieces have simple but strong, well-proportioned geometric shapes that are usually rectangular or square CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston). The backs are square shaped and the arms of the chair flow cleanly into the back without any noticeable break. Some other Sheraton style chairs have exposed arms and reeded legs.The construction materials used in the Queen Anne style chairs was primarily wood. The pieces mainly were crafted of walnut. In addition to walnut, cherry and maple were used as well. Mahogany that was imported became a popular material for craftsmen that were working in this style CITATION Ste98 \l 1033 (Stevens). Upholstery was used much more often and it consisted of silk damask, wool, and moreen, often including elabo...

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Difference Between Musical Theatre And Film Musicals

A musical film is a genre of movie where songs sung by characters are added into the storyline, occasionally complemented by choreography. The musical numbers in these films do not always develop the plot and characters, but they do give the films a more exciting quality. The primary difference between musical theatre and film musicals is the use of extravagant scenery that would be extraordinarily unreasonable for a stage performance. While making movies, the individuals involved have the luxury of being able to shoot multiple takes and have the time to move backgrounds around or change their entire location. Stage performances, on the other hand, must have scenery that can be easily and efficiently moved on and offstage when it is needed. In order to be able to thoroughly comprehend this relatively recent- in the grand scheme of things- form of entertainment, one should understand the history behind these musical films, be aware of some of the â€Å"big names† that are well- known, and recognize major titles that revolutionized musical film forever (Scaruffi, P., 2005). Before being able to completely appreciate musical films, one must be aware of their remarkable history and how they came into existence. According to an article written by Cara Schreffler: Since the days of the ancient Greeks, music has been an integral part of drama and theatre. Many composers wrote music to accompany plays, and sometimes the music became more well-known than the play it was written for †¦ ItShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Disneyfication Of Broadway 1416 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A trip to 42nd street circa 1990 was certainly no destination fit for a family. Walls of graffiti adorn the peeling awnings of storefronts and theatres promise private dances and live nude women. Porn shops dotted the city block with colorful invitations to sex hotlines and signs prohibiting entry to anyone under the age of eighteen (Wollman 445). Decades earlier, during the Prohibition era, speakeasies and brothels lined the city, creating New York’s red light district. Today’s TimesRead MoreCeo Robert A. Disney Corporation1561 Words   |  7 PagesStudios released Frozen, which was the highest grossing animated film ever (Fiscal Year 2014). Therefore, the profits generated by DTP, though surely sizable, often don’t have a significant impact on the total profits of the studios. However, according to Ken Cerniglia, DTP’s resident Dramaturge and Literary Manager, â€Å"a decade ago [the studio] had [some] really bad years, in which case our [DTP’s ] profit ended up being the difference for in the black or in the red overall† (May 26). In 2014 theRead MoreTheatre As A Cultural Expression For Societys Theatrical Tradition1390 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount differences within as well as between national cultures, and to ‘produce the experience of difference’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Knowles, 2010, p. 31). Like any other art form, theatre is often a cultural expression for societies around the world. Indeed, most cultures have their own theatrical traditions -- America’s theatrical tradition is the musical, Prague’s theatrical tradition is the Black Light theatre, and Japan’s theatrical tradition is Noh theatre, to name a few. However, of all art forms, theatre has beenRead MoreCritical Analysis of what makes The Lion King a successful musical1277 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Lion King musical is a well-known musical that has taken the stages of Broadway, West End and the rest of the world by storm (The Lion King, 1997). Regarding the process of the musical, Artistic Director Julie Taymor’s first thoughts for choosing the Lion King as the next big thing on stage, was classed as ‘impossible’ due to the film’s lack of theatrical material (The Lion King, 1997). Therefore, staging this particular work contained a great deal of uncertainty and the needRead MoreThe Song Ten Minutes Ago, Is From Rodgers And Hammerstein s Cinderella1749 Words   |  7 PagesThe song â€Å"Ten Minutes Ago† is from Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Cinderella. A musical adaption of the classic fairytale by the same name, it became a musical sensation when Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein transformed it into a live musical television broadcast in 1957. Starring Julie Andrews, it retold the fairytale of a young girl living a miserable life u nder the roof of her evil stepmother and her three equally vicious stepsisters. With the Prince’s Ball nearing, the four women in her familyRead MoreAn Analysis Of Andrew Lloyd Webber s An Broadway Producer That Is A Part Of A Publicly Traded Company928 Words   |  4 PagesIn addition to non-profit, and independent producers, DTP can also be compared to other corporate theatre producers. However, before this comparison is made it must be noted that currently DTP is the only major Broadway producer that is a part of a publicly traded company. Andrew Lloyd Webber’s Really Useful Group was public between 1986 and 1990, but private since 1990 (Hunter). The other notable public theatrical producer was Livent, a Canadian company founded in 1990 by Garth Drabinsky and MyronRead MoreStage Vs Screen Essay : Stage Versus Screen1593 Words   |  7 Pages12th Ave Arts theatre. Next, I watched the 2012 version of Les Misà ©rables directed by Tom Hooper. At the end of the play that I saw, I was shocked at how I felt afterwards. Not only did the story make me think, but the way the story was presented to the audience also gave me something else to compare to movie going. Major differences that I found between the stage and the screen were the acting, the audience, and the design of the show. After seeing a play in person and viewing a film on my computerRead MoreNew York City s East Village1579 Words   |  7 Pagessunsets, in midnights, in cups of coffee, in inches, in miles, in laughter, in strife.† This is the song from the Broadway musical hit Rent. The play is a perfect mix of catchy rock songs, real life problems and experiences with exciting characters and storylines that made the show destined to be a hit. And a hit it became, as it is a winner of the Tony Award for Best Musical and Pulitzer Prize winner for Drama. The play is set in New York City’s East Village during the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the lateRead MoreThe View and Interpr etation of the Term Genre1368 Words   |  5 Pageshow it relates to the way we view and interpret films The way in which we, as an audience, view and interpret films can be seen to relate directly to our understanding of ‘genre’. However, what is genre? Drawing on the knowledge of key theorists and critics such as Steve Neale and Barry Langford this essay will first attempt to define genre and our understanding of it before focusing on how genre relates to the audiences view and interpretation of films. It will also touch upon the historical contextsRead MoreReview Of Waiting For Godot, Hamlet, And Moulin Rouge903 Words   |  4 PagesIn some aspects great musicals and orchestral scores can add to the experience of a theatrical play, but films have adapted these aspects as well and have proven to be a more successful form of entertainment. Theatre productions have become secondhand in comparison, though still viewed as a high class of an entertainment, it is not nearly as successful to reaching a widespread audience as the film industry has accomplished. The resulting fi lm adaptations that have theatre-like qualities often fail

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Individual Policy Report Capital Punishment - 1513 Words

Cordell Jarzombek Individual Policy Report 3: Capital Punishment Saving Lives, by Taking Lives? Due: October 28, 2015 I. Introduction Death. The final frontier-or is that space? Either way, we don’t exactly know what is on the other side. Maybe that’s why there is so much controversy swirling around the death penalty. Whenever you start to talk about the death penalty, people begin to become very serious, as well they should. The death penalty is almost like a type of fine against those who commit a capital offense, and the currency used to pay the fine? Their lives. So all in all, murder is answered with murder. So what constitutes the lawful demise of an individual by death penalty? Well, in Texas, a capital offense is any criminal†¦show more content†¦Slaying a correctional officer, judge, or a prison inmate serving any one of five offenses? Also grounds for your removal from the game of Life. Murdering someone during your enigmatic prison escape isn’t going to get a whole lot of points with the jury, no matter how spectacular it really was, and lastly, murdering someone under the a ge of six (looking at you Casey Anthony (yes I’m still on about that)) can land you on a gurney staring down a needle in your last moments of life (The University of Texas School of Law Tarlton Law Library Jamail Center for Legal Research. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2015.). How does one get, well†¦put down? Good question; in Texas, the preferred option of demise for inmates looking to find the exit door out of Ted Demme’s Life is injection with a lethal dose of Pepto-Bism- wait no, Pentobarbital (Death Row Facts. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2015.) II. Rationale and Intent for Texas’ Policy Now we more or less know the law, but exactly why do we have this law? Well, a long, long time ago, in a galaxy that mimics our exactly and may or may not legitimately be the exact galaxy in which we exist at this very moment, the death penalty arose. There are records of death penalty laws enacted as early as 1700BC, for many reasons from adultery to aiding and abetting the escape of slaves, (Historical Timeline - Death Penalty - ProCon.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2015.) coincidentally enough, murder was not one of the crimes the death

Selection of an Information Technology Platform

Question: Describe about the Selection of an Information Technology Platform. Answer: Abstract ITM is a leading manufacturing business for different product lines. The company has gone through a number of mergers. Currently, the organization lacks a suitable information system for it. Previously a number of IS projects have failed and the manager, Page has suspected that there is something fundamentally wrong. A further investigation shows that Page was right and the business lacks proper strategies to align the current business process with IS implementations in the company. Current IT infrastructure of the company is mostly outdated and not very efficient to manage the current manufacturing process and the workload. Cost is a serious issue for the management whereas BG focuses on innovation. To balance both, Page needs to select a suitable option for the IS implementation. However, it needs to assess the requirements first and then developing suitable strategies to align the IS and the current business process of ITM. Analysis According to the meeting between Charlie and Page, four possible approaches to the information system development approach for IMT were suggested. The approaches are, The first option it to move forward for deployment and implementation of a centralized computing environment for the company. The organization already follows a legacy centralize mainframe-based solution from IBM. The proposed plan of the centralized IS will follow a similar centralized approach of the IBM system (Brown, Dehayes, Hoffer, 2015). The second option is workstation computing as named by Charlie. The mainframe computer will be replaced by workstation computers from IBM and a significant support from Sun. There will be servers and workstations connected by suitable LANs (Brown et al., 2015). Alternatively, it can use Linux OS as it is more user-friendly than UNIX. It will be deployed based on full client-server architecture (Brown et al., 2015). The third option is outsourcing the server management to some external service provider like data center hosting company. Then the company will provide a virtualized desktop environment to the staffs of ITM. This is actually a cloud based solution (Antonopoulos Gillam, 2012). The fourth option suggested by Charlie is to wait-watch and response to the problems related to IS as the problem comes. It is more like a trial and error process where a possible solution for an IS related problem will be offered to the end users and it will be monitored. If the performance of the proved solution is good enough the solution will be deployed at a large scale (Brown et al., 2015). A detailed analysis of the proposed solution is summarized in the following table. The table will help the management to compare the feasibility and benefits of each of the solutions from various perspectives. Criteria Option 1: Centralized Solution Option 2: Workstation Computing Option 3: Outsourcing and Virtual Desktop Environment Option 4: Watch and implement approach for Solutions The ability of the staffs to adopt the proposed solution. The staffs are already accustomed to working in the current mainframe computing environment. The proposed centralized solution will have similarities with the existing solution (Baltzan Phillips, 2015). So, staffs are not likely to face much trouble in the proposed solution. However, people may be resistant to move from UNIX and Sun platform to Linux. The people may find difficulties in moving to the new working environment according to the proposed solution (Schwalbe, 2014). People won't find much difficulty in the proposed environment. Rather it is more user-friendly. However, it will require a high-speed internet connection all the time. Over time, people may find it difficult to work in a custom-made and ad-hoc type environment. Key applications of the system and how staffs can work on the applications The mainframe computers of the company will be there. Additionally, it will require Linux-based PCs rather than Unix and Sun based PCs. The mainframe computers will be replaced slowly. Will require significant changes in hardware and software solutions for data center servers, LAN, and desktop environment (Brown et al., 2015). The existing infrastructure will not be required. The data center management will be outsourced and the vendor will provide virtualized desktop environment. As and when required by a problem. Availability of the tools for the proposed solution Most of the hardware are already present. Software needs to be changed. Most of the solutions will be procured. Available from vendors. As and when required by a problem. Stability of Vendors(s) The vendors are mainly IBM, and Oracle (formerly Sun) and are stable vendors. The vendors are mainly IBM, and Oracle (formerly Sun) and are stable vendors. Vendor selection and stability of vendors may be an issue. However, there are stable vendors like IBM, Amazon, and Microsoft and so on (Antonopoulos Gillam, 2012). Depends on the solutions. Consistency with the vision and strategies of the BG. It matches with the vision of BG. It matches with the vision of BG. It matches with the vision of BG. It does not match with the strategy of BG and there are chances of incompatibility over time. Budget and Capacity Planning It is a low cost and energy efficient solution. Cost- intensive but efficient solution. Cost effective and efficient solution Depends on the solution. There may be performance bottleneck over time (Chang, Chang, Wang, 2014). Software Licensing Required less as most of the solutions are open source (Willcocks, 2013). Required as OS and other application will be Licensed solutions (Willcocks, 2013). No need to consider as the service provider will handle the licensing Will be required. Depends on the chosen solution. Conclusion Before adopting any of the proposed solutions, the company needs to make a strategic plan to align its business processes with the IS requirements (Davenport, 2013). Otherwise, so the solution will be able to fulfill its business requirements. The main problem of the company is, it is more focused on making profits. There were various mergers in past. Each merger needs to assess the changes creeping into the business process (Alaranta Kautz, 2012). But the management did not follow any change management in the business. Currently, the system running the business are mostly legacy systems and requires significant human controls. Hence, there is scope for errors. As suspected by Page, there is the fundamental issue with the IS in the business. It lacks proper strategies to align the business process with the IT. Once, those are aligned, then either option 2 or 3 can be selected based on the business requirements and the strategies. References Alaranta, M., Kautz, K. (2012). A framework for understanding post-merger information systems integration. JITTA: Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 13(1), 5. Antonopoulos, N., Gillam, L. (2012). Cloud Computing. New York: Springer Baltzan, P., Phillips, A. (2015). Business Driven Information Systems. New York: McGraw-Hill. Brown, C. V., Dehayes, D. W., Hoffer, J. (2015). Managing Information Technology: Vital Source (for Pearson) VST E+p. Chang, S.-I., Chang, I.-C., Wang, T. (2014). Information systems integration after merger and acquisition. Industrial Management Data Systems, 114(1), 37-52. Davenport, T. H. (2013). Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology: Harvard Business Press. Schwalbe, K. (2014). Information Technology Project Management. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Willcocks, L. (2013). Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments: Springer.

Monday, April 20, 2020

Wuthering Heights Themes Essays (1316 words) - British Films

Wuthering Heights Themes The novel Wuthering Heights has a very complex storyline and the characters involved are also quite intricate. The story takes place in northern England in an isolated, rural area. The main characters involved are residents of two opposing households: Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. It is a tale of a powerful love between two people, which transcends all boundaries, including that between life and death. The author, Emily Bronte, used parallelism in this novel. Much of what happens in the first half of the story corresponds to events in the second half. This parallelism extends also to the characters; the first generation of characters is comparable to the second generation. Some might argue that these characters are duplicates of each other and that they share many traits. This is not the case for Catherine Earnshaw and Cathy Linton, a mother and her daughter. These two characters are different in numerous aspects of their personalities and lifestyles. Catherine Earnshaw and Cathy Linton differ a great deal when it comes to their family life. Catherine's father did not love her because she was forever misbehaving. He once told her ?Nay Cathy, I cannot love thee; thou'rt worse than thy brother. Go, say thy prayers, child, and ask god's pardon. I doubt thy mother and I must rue the day we ever reared thee!? (1) In relating the tale to Lockwood, Nelly noted that young Catherine was such a ?wild, wicked slip? (Bronte, pg. 37) that she never seemed as content as when she was being scolded. Catherine also treated her brother Hindley poorly. As a child, she neglected him in favour of Heathcliff. As an adult, Catherine made no effort to help Hindley with his drinking problem after Frances died, nor did she try and prevent Heathcliff from taking advantage of Hindley. Cathy Linton, on the other hand, enjoyed a very loving atmosphere at Thrushcross Grange. She and her father, Edgar, were very fond of each other. Edgar was anxious to protect her form the twisted world of Wuthering Heights. Cathy demonstrated her love for her father when she devoted herself to nursing him during his illness. Cathy never had any siblings, but she wished that she had one. She once said ?Pretty Linton! I wish you were my brother.? (Bronte, pg. 219) The reader is certain that if Cathy had a brother they would have been very close. Catherine Earnshaw was an intensely emotional character. From the time she was a child, she made choices based on her urges and feelings, and would become irritated if her will was not maintained. One time she became violently abusive when Nelly insisted on supervising her visit with Edgar. She pinched and slapped Nelly, shook Hareton when he began to cry and then slapped Edgar when he attempted to intervene. This sort of unstable emotional state made Catherine very frail she often became ill after an outburst. Following an argument she had with Heathcliff and Edgar, she became very ill and eventually died. It could be argued that her tendency for passionate outbursts drained the life from her. Cathy Linton was much more sensible than her mother was. She was able to effectively control her emotions at all times, even during confrontations with her tormentor Heathcliff, and remained strong and grounded throughout the novel. At no point was she abusive, except perhaps in her initial treatment of Hareton. The differences in the emotional character of Catherine and Cathy could be explained in the fact that Cathy did not experience a relationship like the torrential love affair Catherine had with Heathcliff. It was this relationship that was the root for all the tragedy in Catherine's life. Heathcliff played a dominant role in both halves of Wuthering Heights and he interacted with both Catherine and Cathy. However, they had very different relationships with him. Catherine and Heathcliff were deeply in love with each other and had been soul mates ever since childhood. Heathcliff often evoked powerful emotions from Catherine, and their encounters often left Catherine in emotional chaos. Cathy did not like Heathcliff and he did not like her. Edgar and Nelly informed Cathy of Heathcliff's terrible history and negative impact on her family. Once she moved into Wuthering Heights and lived with Heathcliff, Cathy was transformed from a bright, cheerful young girl into the sullen, foul-tempered person Lockwood meets during his first visit to the Heights. Heathcliff saw Cathy as the cause of her mother's death and she represented Catherine's betrayal of their love. Cathy inspired many feelings of rage from Heathcliff. For

Sunday, March 15, 2020

How to write winning proposals - Emphasis

How to write winning proposals How to write winning proposals Rob Ashton explains how developing your writing skills can help you to win sales. Whether you love them or hate them, you can’t deny that reality TV shows such as The X-Factor provide contestants with honest feedback about their performances. After the tone-deaf wannabes are swiftly weeded out, the ones with raw talent are prodded and guided by Simon et al before being transformed into marketable acts. But when it comes to your sales proposals, the only critics you have are your prospects. There’s usually no training ground before you’re let loose on your public. So if they like what you have to offer, the chances are you’ll get a sale. If they’re uncertain, they may well give you little idea of where you went right or wrong. Imagine that you meet a client and build a good relationship before promising to email over a proposal later in the week. But by the time it comes to putting pen to paper, you’ve forgotten the conversation and struggle to get back into the groove. Instead, you simply send out a standard proposal that leaves the prospect cold and you without a sale. In this case, the client gives some helpful feedback, but it skirts around the real issue. You don’t get the witty one liner that says: ‘great in person, but sounded like a robot on paper’. Most salespeople haven’t been taught how to develop a fresh, personable writing style. But proficient sales writing is a skill that can be learnt. And once you have, your proposals can act as a ‘silent sales force’ that is out there winning business for you while you’re busy pursuing other opportunities. So, become your own judge by learning and applying some simple tips and techniques to your written work. Switch off your computer We tend to live in the virtual world of our computer screens. But at the beginning of the writing process, it’s helpful to get away from the screen and use a pencil and paper to gather your thoughts. So before you type a word, ask yourself the following six questions: What is the proposal about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject (which is not necessarily the same thing)? Doing this allows you to home in on the main ideas and messages you want to communicate. Keep asking yourself: What do you really want to say? Then jot down all the ideas that are essential and important to your proposal. Build a persuasive structure Next, focus your proposal by using the Four Ps technique, which stands for: position (where they are now), problem (why they can’t stay there), possibilities (where they could go) and proposal (where they should go). This approach turns conventional wisdom on its head and is surprisingly effective. It allows you to begin with the client’s situation and needs, and to recommend solutions, while building your credibility in the process. Only then do you write about your pedigree – by which point you’ll just be confirming what they’ve already concluded. Get personal One of the best ways to show your personality through writing is to use words such as ‘we’, ‘us’ and ‘our’. These words help to connect you to your readers. Similarly choose the active voice to make your sentences livelier. For instance, you can write ‘I [or we] guarantee that you’ll notice a difference in three days,’ rather than ‘a difference has been guaranteed within three days.’ Short and sweet Finally, no-one wants to wade through the sales equivalent of War and Peace. Keep sentences to a maximum of 15-20 words and edit ruthlessly until you have a compelling document that begs to be read. Mastering these skills will help you to tailor your writing so that it meets the needs of each particular client. Don’t worry if you don’t hit gold on your first go. For every one-hit wonder in the record business, there are those who’ve created a long, successful career by making constant adjustments to their performance, until they develop that certain something that sets them apart from the rest. For proposal-writing training, see our course for teams and our course for individuals.

Friday, February 28, 2020

Art in dark, Dark in art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art in dark, Dark in art - Essay Example On the other hand, art may not always be depicted in the same positive scenario. In fact, the opposite side of what is picturesque and ecstatic is shown through bloody images that sometimes evoke negative feelings on those who view the art. Gloomy colors, grotesque bodies, and distorted imagery characterize art in dark. Does art in dark have a place in people’s sight, thoughts, and emotions? Why is there such a thing as dark in art and for what purposes does it serve? During the Late Renaissance period, a distinct type of art emerged in Florence, Rome, Italy and eventually the rest of Europe (Esaak). While it was considered a down time for artists in general, there was a group trained in the ancient styles who focused on a different kind of art that was the exact reverse of those during the High Renaissance. This was aptly called the Mannerism and it showed masterpieces packed with unsettling characters with very long limbs, uncanny emotions and ideas, and conflicting colors. The same could be observed with the nude characters that were modeling strange positions. Mannerism was said to be a mixture of Christianity, Classicism, and mythology. Esaak adds that even Michelangelo himself joined in the craze as a reflection of his adaptability and tendency toward emotional art. Michelangelo typically seem to be a bit uncaring when it comes to his portrayals of human beings. In the modern day era, lots of other artists have delved in the same artistic but pessimistic theme. Some of them have graduated in traditional art schools with flying colors. While they have started out in the mainstream, others became confident enough to express their real emotions in their art. Feelings of fear, emptiness, aggression, confusion, anxiety, anger and defeat surround their art works. Despite this inclination towards art in dark, most of these artists have been successful in their respective fields of endeavor. For instance, Anthony Clarkson, a

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Environmental Analysis of Disney Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Analysis of Disney - Case Study Example The main challenges faced by Disney will be changing technology and constant need for technological innovations, strict environmental laws and regulation demanding safe and clean production. Demographical factors will change traditional target audiences and require new planning and market segmentation. Industry environment will be affected by (1) fierce competition, (2) new industry structure and (3) globalization of the entertainment industry. The view of competition as market power no longer suffices in the long run. This is due to the fact the survivors of decades of fierce global competition all seem to be converging on similar and formidable standards for product cost, quality, and timeliness. In this case, Disney managers need to look at the internal competencies of their corporations to secure long-term survival. Operating environment will be affected by (1) 'know-how' business solutions and (2) rapid growth of the Internet and e-commerce. The main changes will affect operatin g environment and will help the company to create competitive advantage, improve sales and performance management. For the innovation of new ideas to be successful a high degree of integration is needed between all concerned (e.g. engineering, production management and marketing). Change process is closely connected with the integrity perception which is built into their way of doing things, a 'passion for integrity' which applies to employees, customers, suppliers and other audiences such as the community (Vogel 2007; Walt Disney 2007). In order to compete during the next 10 years, Disney should take into account global business environment and technological innovations which have a crucial impact on this sector. The most important factors for long-term plans include changing life style of consumers and demand patterns (Walt Disney 2007). The main long-term objectives will be the following: (a) Disney should create and support multicultural environment for its entertainment programs in order to meet changing consumer demands and resist competition. Such phenomenon as cultural globalization receives the development from technological revolution and economic globalization which together create a stream of the cultural blessings. Modern consumers are driven by world entertainment trends rather then national ideals (McDonald and Christopher 2003). (b) Disney should respond to demographical changes and segment its consumers according to their life style and a country of origin. Changing patterns of demand and more sophisticated tastes are expected over time and Disney should be in the marketplace ready to supply them. One of the means by which Disney can create market penetration is through the creation of its own distribution facilities around the world. (c) The next objective is global penetration and expansion. The Internet and increasing number of users in Asian and African countries will represent unlimited opportunities for this sector. For its product line, Disney should buy up retail outlets and making strenuous efforts to build a retailing network, which, apart from the immediate financial advantages, facilitates the marketing of their products. Disney should internationalize through cross-border mergers and takeovers. Disney will gain from reduced

Friday, January 31, 2020

Factors influencing participation in sport Essay Example for Free

Factors influencing participation in sport Essay Some people have very different views on training and the factors that affect them to participate in sport. They have very different attitudes to training. Im doing climate affecting participation. Some people may want to go out in the rain and train as they may find this enjoyable, but a lot of other people may dislike the cold and wet weather and stay indoors to participate in sport or just sit about. Also the majority of people would rather be outside, but in the warmth, with the sun shining. The countrys climate is a big factor that affects the participation and type of sport that they do, this also affects their attitudes towards training, for example, people in Australia will play more outdoor sports such as windsurfing and skateboarding as their climate is ideal for this type of exercise. Kenya has produced a lot of world class athletes, this is due to their climate, hot and dry all year. This encourages people to train a lot more and also outdoors. Kenya are world class at long distance running as are morocco, this is mostly due to when they train, and what type of weather they train in. If the weather is hot all the time, athletes will train on a regular basis, but if the weather is cold and wet, the athletes will not be motivated enough to go out and train, they will either train indoors or simply just sit around and watch tv or play boardgames. This is the scene in Northern Ireland, and Sweden etc as these countries have unpredictable weather and climates so no one knows what type of day it is going to be. When the weather changes this can change most athletes attitude to training. The heat outside motivates athletes to train outdoors. Fumes from traffic and factories, over a long period of time will start to affect the community in which people live in, this will, in actual fact, bring you bad health. The fumes will bring harm to your lungs and make breathing difficult. This means your fitness level will suffer. The environment also affects your performance in a sport event; for example, on a hot day you can overheat which makes you weak and dizzy. And think what a windy day can do to a tennis match, all these factors affect the performance and attitudes towards the training and participation in sport. At high altitudes air is thinner than at sea level, so you must breath harder in order to get the right amount of oxygen to your lungs. To perform well in a sport at high altitude you must first need time to adapt to the climate and the type of environment you are playing the sport in. All types of weather affect the way in which we think about sport. Hot, cold, dry, wet.

Thursday, January 23, 2020

e-books Essay -- Library Science, Myilibrary, Netlibrary

The library and information centres have undertaken collection management of printed books and now challenges in developing collection of electronic resources (e-resources) are waiting. Electronic books (e-books) consist of printed books being digitized or born digitally, the starting rise of new electronic formats. The increase number of e-books especially in UK also brings challenges to the publishers and aggregators, the importance in managing and promoting â€Å"e-books as the new electronic medium† (Armstrong and Lonsdale 2005). This essay will look at issues being addressed surrounding the management and promoting the e-books. One of the issues to be addressed in managing e-books is the selection and acquisition e-books. Librarians especially the academic librarians need to concern on selecting and acquisition new e-books, e-textbooks and titles associated to the students’ fields and demands. The librarians should train in considering the demands of e-books for distance learning, placements students and selecting printed books as back up to e-books’ (Armstrong and Lonsdale 2009). Acquiring the e-books from publishers and aggregators become issues in managing the e-books. The pricing and business model through subscription provides easy methods and ‘aggregators would be more attractive option than through publishers’ (Armstrong, Edwards and Lonsdale 2002). For the writer, e-book aggregators such as NetLibrary and Credo Reference give more advance access and tools for library, user of groups, relevance information and formats of e-book availability in pdf or web. However, subscript ions of e-books can be difficult. Libraries want to have ‘fewer complexes models and fair pricing structures’ (Ball 2009) and Edwards (2001) summari... ...ons. It is recommended stakeholders and JISC e-BOOK Working Group (Armstrong and Lonsdale 2005) are working together for effectively promoting strategies for e-books to all libraries. The e-book collections are no longer close entities but open widely to users. The libraries especially the academic libraries should concern on selecting e-books references for students and researchers. Issues concerned including the consideration giving effective ways on access and promotion need to be accounted. However, ‘Usage and licensing conditions vary widely and are not always library-friendly’ (Ball 2009). Licensing and bibliographical access still the crucial challenges for collection managements especially in relates to cost and legal legislate deposits. All the issues discussed above come up with literatures and approaches to issues of managing e-book collections.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Sharp

Anna S BA 3103 Critical Analysis Paper Sharp Sharp’s third quarter results showed very disappointing performance. The company reported a ? 249. 1 billion ($3. 12 billion) loss. Moreover, it is forecasting a ? 450 billion, or $5. 6 billion, loss for the fiscal year through 2013. Apparently, the company is burning through more cash than it is generating and having difficulty in securing short-term financing. Also, the company is considering selling some holding in other companies and office building in Tokyo.Furthermore, it’s thinking to sell television assembly plants in Mexico and China, which would reduce its payroll by 3,000 jobs, added to the 5,000 positions assigned for layoff earlier this year. The company has decided to cut the current Sharp’s payroll by 14%. In addition, Sharp's shares are down 75% this year. This paper will conduct a situation analysis of internal and external environment of Sharp’s weak performance. It will also summarize the prim ary causes of company’s weak performance. Internal Analysis Financial ProblemsCurrently the company faces two problems: it is under pressure to reduce interest-bearing debt, which increased to ? 1. 25 trillion since June 2011 and, also, needs to repay ? 200 billion of convertible bonds that mature in September 2013 (Daisuke Wakabayashi). At the end of June 2012, the company’s cash, accounts receivable, inventory and other assets couldn't cover its short-term liabilities. The company is struggling to raise cash. Sharp's net loss for the first half included ? 84. 4 billion in restructuring costs, including a ? 30. billion impairment of assets in its solar batteries unit, a ? 53. 4 billion write-down on inventory, and a ? 61. 0 billion write-down on deferred tax assets. Also, at the end of September, the Sharp's shareholder equity ratio fell to below 10 percent, which is half the rate generally considered a healthy minimum. Sharp remains highly dependent on short-term bor rowings. Weak internal cash flow has forced the company to pay off unsecured promissory note mostly with bank borrowings (Reuters). In addition, the company is currently considering alliance with other companies. You can read also Thin Film Solar CellExternal Analysis Product Demand The Sharp’s main products, LCD TV and flat panels, were accounted for 60% of total revenue in 2012, however, the demand substantially weakened, especially in comparison to Korean rivals. For the first time in the company history, shipments of LCD TVs fell year-over-year, declining just over 3% to 43 million units. The decline had  a  considerable  impact on the market, with total TV shipments falling almost 8% year-over-year in the first quarter of 2012, the drastic decline since the second quarter of 2009.When the market slowed down, Sharp has been left with excess capacity at its domestic plants. Sales of LCD TVs nearly halved in the October-December quarter. The manufacturer of electronics products and their components also reported quarterly sales of solar cells fell by a third from a year ago, slowing demand and increased competition from Chinese makers (James Topham). Global Economy Sharp has st ruggled with a slow economy, losing the power it once got from transition to global digital broadcasting and from subsidies for purchases of energy-efficient goods.Demand for LCD televisions in developed economies has been saturated; however, growth in developing markets is slowing. Also, the strong yen has made Sharp’s products more expensive overseas. Therefore, it is difficult for the company to compete in the global market. Product prices were also affected by Japan's relatively high labor cost, electricity, imported fuels and raw materials. In addition, euro debt crisis became another reason for the slow growth in the world economy (James Topham). Competition Sharp faces increased competition from very large electronic companies such as Apple, Samsung and LG.Samsung  Electronics  Co. , Ltd and LG Electronics, Inc. have generated better profits and strengthened market positions in the TV and panel businesses during 2012, supported by an improved product mix. Samsungâ €™s flat panel TV revenue share remains the largest in the industry, almost 26% (Dan Graziano). Samsung is also the top brand in the key segments of LCD TV, 40†+, LED-backlit LCD, and 3D TV. Also, the company benefits from favorable exchange rates and aggressive investments. Samsung’s current capitalization is $163 billion and Apple’s $634 billion.As opposed Sony, Panasonic and Sharp combined are now  worth only $54 billion at current market values  (Michael Fitzpatrick). Summary Based on internal and external analysis of Sharp’s recent activities, the primary causes of company’s poor performance are: 1) the company is struggling to raise internal cash flow and, therefore, cannot cover its short-term liabilities; 2) the demand for LCD and flat panel TVs has substantially weakened due to global economy slow down; 3) Sharp is facing a fierce competition from Samsung, LG and Apple, which currently holding the largest market shares in electronic manufacturing industry.Bibliography 1) WAKABAYASHI, DAISUKE. Sharp Says Its Future Is at Risk. 1 Nov. 2012. 7 Dec. 2012 ;http://online. wsj. com/article/sb10001424052970204712904578091761289023722. html;. 2) Reuters. TEXT-S;P summary: Sharp Corp.. 30 Nov, 2012. 8 Dec, 2012 ;http://www. reuters. com/article/2012/11/30/iduswlb148420121130;. 3) Topham, James. Sharp Corporation Blames Falling LCD TV Prices, Increase In Yen For Forecast $3. 8 Billion Loss. Feb. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 ;http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/02/01/sharp-corporation-lcd-prices_n_1246028. html;. 4) Graziano, Dan. GLOBAL LCD TV SHIPMENTS FALL FOR THE FIRST TIME EVER. 21 Jan. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 ;http://bgr. com/2012/06/21/global-tv-sales-lcd-shipments-down/;. 5) Fitzpatrick, Michael. Fear and loathing in Japan. 18 Sep. 2012. 8 Dec. 2012 ;http://tech. fortune. cnn. com/2012/09/18/fear-and-loathing-in-japan/;.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

The Oneota Culture - Last Prehistoric Culture of the American Midwest

The Oneota (or western Upper Mississippian) is the name archaeologists have given to the last prehistoric culture (1150-1700 AD) of the American upper midwest. The Oneota lived in villages and camps along tributary streams and rivers of the upper reaches of the Mississippi River. The archaeological remains of Oneota villages are located in the modern states of Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri. What Did They Know of Cahokias Complex Capital? The origin of the Oneota people is somewhat of a controversy. Some scholars argue that the Oneota were descendants of the pre-Mississippian Woodland groups who were immigrants from other as-yet unknown locations, perhaps the Cahokia area. Another group of scholars argue the Oneota were local Late Woodland groups who changed their society as a result of contact with Middle Mississippian technologies and ideologies. Although there are clear connections in Oneota symbolism to the Mississippian complex of Cahokia, the Oneota sociopolitical organization was widely divergent from that of the complex society at the capital in the American Bottom near St. Louis, Missouri. Oneota groups were mainly independent chiefly societies located on major rivers upstream and far away from Cahokia. Oneota Characteristics Over the nearly six hundred years of their (recognized) occupation of the Upper Mississippi region, Oneota people changed their style of living and subsistence patterns and as the Europeans moved into the region, they migrated far to the west. But their cultural identity maintained a continuity, based on the presence of a number of artifact types and icononography. The most commonly recognized artifact of Oneota culture is shell-tempered, globular-shaped ceramic vessels with purposefully smoothed, but not burnished, exteriors. Distinctive point types used by Oneota hunters are small unnotched triangular arrow points called either Fresno or Madison points. Other stone tools connected with Oneota populations include pipestone carved into tablets, pipes and pendants; stone scrapers for buffalo hides, and fishhooks. Bone and shell hoes are indicative of Oneota agriculture, as are the ridged fields found in the early and eastern villages of Wisconsin. Architecture included oval wigwams, multi-family longhouses and cemeteries organized in sprawling villages on terraces near main rivers. Some evidence of warfare and violence are seen in the archaeological record; and the evidence of movement west with a maintained connectedness to people back home in the east are indicated by trade goods, including pipestone and hides, and metasedimentary abrasive rocks called paralava (formerly mis-identified as volcanic pumice or scoria). Chronology cal AD 1700-present day. Historic and modern tribes thought to be descended from Oneota include Ioway, Oto, Ho-Chunk, Missouria, Ponca and othersProtohistoric Oneota (Classic) (cal AD 1600-1700). After direct and indirect contact with French trappers and traders, La Crosse was abandoned, and the people moved westward along the Iowa/Minnesota borders and west following bison herdsMiddle Oneota (Developmental) (cal AD 1300-1600), Apple River and Red Wing abandoned, expanded outward. Oneota settlements opened at La Crosse, Minnesota, and the central Des Moines River valley (Moingona Phase)Early Oneota (Emergent) cal AD 1150-1300. Apple River (northwest Illinois) and Red Wing (Minnesota) localities are started, decorative motifs derived from Mississippian Ramey Incised pots Initial or Emergent Phase Oneota The earliest villages recognized as Oneota arose about AD 1150, as diverse and scattered communities along the floodplains, terraces and bluffs of the rivers, communities that were occupied at least seasonally and perhaps year-round. They were horticulturalists rather than farmers, relying on digging-stick agriculture based on maize and squash, and supplemented by deer, elk, birds and large fish. Foods gathered by early Oneota people include several plants that would be eventually domesticated as part of the Eastern North American Neolithic, such as maygrass (Phalaris caroliniana), chenopodium (Chenopodium berlandieri), little barley (Hordeum pussilum) and erect knotweed (Polygonum erectum). They also collected various nuts--hickory, walnut, acorns--and conducted localized hunting of elk and deer and communal longer-distance hunting of bison. There likely was a lot of variation in these early villages, especially with respect to how important maize was in their diets. Some of the largest villages have accretional burial mounds. At least some of the villages had a tribal level of social and political organization. Development and Classic Period Oneota Middle Oneota communities apparently intensified their farming efforts, moving into broader valleys and including the preparation of ridged fields, and the use of shell and bison scapula hoes. Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were added to the diet about 1300 AD: now Oneota people had the entire three sisters agricultural complex. Their communities shifted as well, to include larger houses, with multiple families sharing the same long house. Long houses at the Tremaine site in Wisconsin, for example, were 6-8.5 meters (20-27 feet) wide and varied in length between 26-65 m (85-213 ft). Mound building ceased entirely and mortuary patterns shifted to the use of cemeteries or burials beneath the floors of the longhouses. By the late period, many Oneota people migrated westward. These dispersed Oneota communities displaced the locals in Nebraska, Kansas and adjacent areas of Iowa and Missouri, and thrived on communal bison hunting supplemented with gardening. Bison hunting, assisted by dogs, allowed Oneota to obtain adequate meat, marrow and fat for food, and hides and bones for tools and exchange. Oneota Archaeological Sites Illinois: Gentlemen Farm, Material Service Quarry, Reeves, Zimmerman, Keeshin Farm, Dixon, Lima Lake, Hoxie Farm Nebraska: Leary site, Glen Elder Iowa: Wever, Flynn, Correctionville, Cherokee, Iowa Great Lakes, Bastian, Milford, Gillett Grove, Blood Run Kansas: Lovewell Reservoir, White Rock, Montana Creek Wisconsin: OT, Tremaine, La Crosse, Pammel Creek, Trempealeau Bay, Carcajou Point, Pipe, Mero Minnesota: Red Wing, Blue Earth Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Mississippian Culture, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Several good locations on the web for Oneota information include Lance Fosters Ioway Cultural Institute, the Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist, and the Mississippi Valley Archaeological Center. Betts CM. 2006. Pots and Pox: The Identification of Protohistoric Epidemics in the Upper Mississippi Valley. American Antiquity 71(2):233-259. Boszhardt RF. 2008. Shell-tempered pottery from the upper Mississippi river valley. Southeastern Archaeology 27(2):193-201. Emerson TE, Hedman KM, and Simon ML. 2005. Marginal Horticulturalists or Maize Agriculturalists? Archaeobotanical, Paleopathological, and Isotopic Evidence Relating to Langford Tradition Maize Consumption. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 30(1):67-118. Estes MB, Ritterbush LW, and Nicolaysen K. 2010. Clinker, Pumice, Scoria, or Paralava? Vesicular Artifacts of the Lower Missouri Basin. Plains Anthropologist 55(213):67-81. Fishel RL, Wisseman SU, Hughes RE, and Emerson TE. 2010. Sourcing Red Pipestone Artifacts from Oneota Villages in the Little Sioux Valley of Northwest Iowa. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 35(2):167-198. Logan B. 2010. A Matter of Time: The Temporal Relationship of Oneota and Central Plains Traditions. Plains Anthropologist 55(216):277-292. OGorman JA. 2010. Exploring the Longhouse and Community in Tribal Society. American Antiquity 75(3):571-597. Padilla MJ, and Ritterbush LW. 2005. White Rock Oneota Chipped Stone Tools. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 30(2):259-297. Ritterbush LW, and Logan B. 2009. A Late Prehistoric Bison Processing Camp in the Central Plains: Montana Creek East (14JW46). Plains Anthropologist 54(211):217-236. Theler JL, and Boszhardt RF. 2006. Collapse of crucial resources and culture change: a model for the Woodland to Oneota transformation in the Upper Midwest. American Antiquity 71:433-472. Tubbs RM, and OGorman JA. 2005. Assessing Oneota Diet And Health: A Community And Lifeway Perspective. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 30(1):119-163.