A Comparative Analysis of 18th Century - 1375 Words

A Comparative Analysis of 18th Century French and English Chairs (Research Paper Sample) Content: Surname:Name:Course:Institution:Date:A Comparative Analysis of 18th Century French and English ChairsSome of the most alluring and refined furniture ever made, exhibiting the highest level of artistic and technical ability was created in the 18th century across both France and England. The French intellectuals developed a fondness for salon- gatherings to discuss art, literature, and politics hence French furniture designers were asked to device new, more comfortable ways to sit. After the social and political unrest of industrialization, there was mass production of French furniture that relished the affluence of baroque, rococo and neo classical styles. These were heavily inspired by the reigns of kings Louis XIV, Louis XV and Louis XVI. Elsewhere in England, 18th century brought prosperity of unprecedented scale that led to a huge increase in the production of furniture with a distinctive English style. These styles are the Queen Anne style, Sheraton style and Chi ppendale style CITATION Har01 \l 1033 (Harwood, May and Sherman).French style chairsThe French chairs during this time were characterized by different leg styles. During King Louis 14th reign, French cabinet maker AndrÃÆ' chalets Boulle created revolutionary furniture that had legs which were figural, baluster and claw. Also, Louis 15th chairs retained the same leg formation of figural, baluster and claw. Furthermore, the Louis 15th rococo style chairs had a signature à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ shaped cabriole leg, shaped like an animals hind legs. The chairs during King Louis the 16th however had straight fluted legs CITATION Ste98 \l 1033 (Stevens).Meanwhile, the primary construction material that was used in Louis 14th chairs during the baroque period was wood from chestnut, walnut or oak. These were sometimes left natural or were painted bright colors such as red, green or coated silver and even gilded. In addition, precious woods and ebony were imported into Paris to be use d as construction materials while pear and natural woods were used in the provinces. The finish often consisted of various metal and animal materials such as pewter and silver, along with tortoise- shell, horn and ivory CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston).Louis 15th rococo style chairs also used some of the material found in Louis 14th chairs including wood crafted from oak or walnut. In addition to oak and walnut, cherry, ash, plum, chestnut and olive were also used. Louis 16th neoclassical chairs used walnut, ash and burled. Other construction materials used include steel, copper and bronze CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston).The posture and form of the 18th century French chairs was varied. During the era of Louis 14th, the chairs had modest curves and straight lines were prominent CITATION Ste98 \l 1033 (Stevens). Elaborate ornamentation reigned supreme. Moreover, armchairs looked like thrones, with heavy carvings and rich upholstery. The seats were larger and their backs were hi gher while the sides of the upholstered armchair was open.Chairs during Louis 15th rococo were smaller and spring was added to satisfy the salon society that was yearning for comfort. Also, these chairs were sturdy and solid but had flowers that were a popular motif, carved into crest rails, aprons and the knees of chair legs.Meanwhile, Louis 16th Neoclassic style chairs are characterized by broad backs and seats, and straight, tapered legs. The back, seats and arms are upholstered, and all the rails are lavishly carved, gilded and decorated. Louis 16th side chairs and dining chairs are armless and feature both oval and rectilinear frames. Some are tub-shaped, with a curved back CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston).English style chairsThe English chairs using the Queen Anne style have the cabriole leg. It is curved with the knee curving outwards and the ankle curving inwards terminating in an ornamental foot. At the base of Queen Anne style chairs legs is the pad foot, although spade and trifid feet were also used.Similarly, the Chippendale style legs have the cabriole leg. Moreover, fluted legs that were classically styled and reeded were often used.In contrast to the popular cabriole legs of earlier styles, the Sheraton style chairs have straight, sometimes tapered legs. Occasionally, the back legs would be splayed. Also, the Sheraton style legs are often rounded while the Hepplewhite are square in shape. Both Sheraton and Hepplewhite sometimes had legs joined with stretchers.Queen Anne style chairs have bird silhouettes in the negative space of the back splat. Also, it has decorated back splats that include either fiddle or vase splats. The Chippendale style chairs have a yoked shape with the back splats on arm and side chairs intricately pierced. However, some Chippendale chairs have less ornate splats. The Sheraton style chairs mainly exhibits a lyre-carved back splat CITATION Har01 \l 1033 (Harwood, May and Sherman).The crest and back shape of the 18th c entury English chairs is diverse. Queen Anne style chairs have a cyma curve, which is a continuous S-curve that dominates all aspects of the chair. In addition, Queen Anne style chairs have bended backs that are thought to be inspired by the Chinese yoke chair. Other elements found in the Queen Anne style chair is the decorated carved motifs that consist of shells, sunbursts and acanthus leaves CITATION Har01 \l 1033 (Harwood, May and Sherman).On the other hand, the Chippendale style chairs features top railings that have a yoked shape. Shell motifs carrying over from the Queen Anne period may be present. In the Sheraton style chairs, pieces have simple but strong, well-proportioned geometric shapes that are usually rectangular or square CITATION Cla06 \l 1033 (Clauston). The backs are square shaped and the arms of the chair flow cleanly into the back without any noticeable break. Some other Sheraton style chairs have exposed arms and reeded legs.The construction materials used in the Queen Anne style chairs was primarily wood. The pieces mainly were crafted of walnut. In addition to walnut, cherry and maple were used as well. Mahogany that was imported became a popular material for craftsmen that were working in this style CITATION Ste98 \l 1033 (Stevens). Upholstery was used much more often and it consisted of silk damask, wool, and moreen, often including elabo...

Difference Between Musical Theatre And Film Musicals

A musical film is a genre of movie where songs sung by characters are added into the storyline, occasionally complemented by choreography. The musical numbers in these films do not always develop the plot and characters, but they do give the films a more exciting quality. The primary difference between musical theatre and film musicals is the use of extravagant scenery that would be extraordinarily unreasonable for a stage performance. While making movies, the individuals involved have the luxury of being able to shoot multiple takes and have the time to move backgrounds around or change their entire location. Stage performances, on the other hand, must have scenery that can be easily and efficiently moved on and offstage when it is needed. In order to be able to thoroughly comprehend this relatively recent- in the grand scheme of things- form of entertainment, one should understand the history behind these musical films, be aware of some of the â€Å"big names† that are well- known, and recognize major titles that revolutionized musical film forever (Scaruffi, P., 2005). Before being able to completely appreciate musical films, one must be aware of their remarkable history and how they came into existence. According to an article written by Cara Schreffler: Since the days of the ancient Greeks, music has been an integral part of drama and theatre. Many composers wrote music to accompany plays, and sometimes the music became more well-known than the play it was written for †¦ ItShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Disneyfication Of Broadway 1416 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A trip to 42nd street circa 1990 was certainly no destination fit for a family. 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Not only did the story make me think, but the way the story was presented to the audience also gave me something else to compare to movie going. Major differences that I found between the stage and the screen were the acting, the audience, and the design of the show. After seeing a play in person and viewing a film on my computerRead MoreNew York City s East Village1579 Words   |  7 Pagessunsets, in midnights, in cups of coffee, in inches, in miles, in laughter, in strife.† This is the song from the Broadway musical hit Rent. The play is a perfect mix of catchy rock songs, real life problems and experiences with exciting characters and storylines that made the show destined to be a hit. And a hit it became, as it is a winner of the Tony Award for Best Musical and Pulitzer Prize winner for Drama. The play is set in New York City’s East Village during the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the lateRead MoreThe View and Interpr etation of the Term Genre1368 Words   |  5 Pageshow it relates to the way we view and interpret films The way in which we, as an audience, view and interpret films can be seen to relate directly to our understanding of ‘genre’. However, what is genre? Drawing on the knowledge of key theorists and critics such as Steve Neale and Barry Langford this essay will first attempt to define genre and our understanding of it before focusing on how genre relates to the audiences view and interpretation of films. It will also touch upon the historical contextsRead MoreReview Of Waiting For Godot, Hamlet, And Moulin Rouge903 Words   |  4 PagesIn some aspects great musicals and orchestral scores can add to the experience of a theatrical play, but films have adapted these aspects as well and have proven to be a more successful form of entertainment. Theatre productions have become secondhand in comparison, though still viewed as a high class of an entertainment, it is not nearly as successful to reaching a widespread audience as the film industry has accomplished. The resulting fi lm adaptations that have theatre-like qualities often fail

Individual Policy Report Capital Punishment - 1513 Words

Cordell Jarzombek Individual Policy Report 3: Capital Punishment Saving Lives, by Taking Lives? Due: October 28, 2015 I. Introduction Death. The final frontier-or is that space? Either way, we don’t exactly know what is on the other side. Maybe that’s why there is so much controversy swirling around the death penalty. Whenever you start to talk about the death penalty, people begin to become very serious, as well they should. The death penalty is almost like a type of fine against those who commit a capital offense, and the currency used to pay the fine? Their lives. So all in all, murder is answered with murder. So what constitutes the lawful demise of an individual by death penalty? Well, in Texas, a capital offense is any criminal†¦show more content†¦Slaying a correctional officer, judge, or a prison inmate serving any one of five offenses? Also grounds for your removal from the game of Life. Murdering someone during your enigmatic prison escape isn’t going to get a whole lot of points with the jury, no matter how spectacular it really was, and lastly, murdering someone under the a ge of six (looking at you Casey Anthony (yes I’m still on about that)) can land you on a gurney staring down a needle in your last moments of life (The University of Texas School of Law Tarlton Law Library Jamail Center for Legal Research. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2015.). How does one get, well†¦put down? Good question; in Texas, the preferred option of demise for inmates looking to find the exit door out of Ted Demme’s Life is injection with a lethal dose of Pepto-Bism- wait no, Pentobarbital (Death Row Facts. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2015.) II. Rationale and Intent for Texas’ Policy Now we more or less know the law, but exactly why do we have this law? Well, a long, long time ago, in a galaxy that mimics our exactly and may or may not legitimately be the exact galaxy in which we exist at this very moment, the death penalty arose. There are records of death penalty laws enacted as early as 1700BC, for many reasons from adultery to aiding and abetting the escape of slaves, (Historical Timeline - Death Penalty - ProCon.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 28, 2015.) coincidentally enough, murder was not one of the crimes the death

Selection of an Information Technology Platform

Question: Describe about the Selection of an Information Technology Platform. Answer: Abstract ITM is a leading manufacturing business for different product lines. The company has gone through a number of mergers. Currently, the organization lacks a suitable information system for it. Previously a number of IS projects have failed and the manager, Page has suspected that there is something fundamentally wrong. A further investigation shows that Page was right and the business lacks proper strategies to align the current business process with IS implementations in the company. Current IT infrastructure of the company is mostly outdated and not very efficient to manage the current manufacturing process and the workload. Cost is a serious issue for the management whereas BG focuses on innovation. To balance both, Page needs to select a suitable option for the IS implementation. However, it needs to assess the requirements first and then developing suitable strategies to align the IS and the current business process of ITM. Analysis According to the meeting between Charlie and Page, four possible approaches to the information system development approach for IMT were suggested. The approaches are, The first option it to move forward for deployment and implementation of a centralized computing environment for the company. The organization already follows a legacy centralize mainframe-based solution from IBM. The proposed plan of the centralized IS will follow a similar centralized approach of the IBM system (Brown, Dehayes, Hoffer, 2015). The second option is workstation computing as named by Charlie. The mainframe computer will be replaced by workstation computers from IBM and a significant support from Sun. There will be servers and workstations connected by suitable LANs (Brown et al., 2015). Alternatively, it can use Linux OS as it is more user-friendly than UNIX. It will be deployed based on full client-server architecture (Brown et al., 2015). The third option is outsourcing the server management to some external service provider like data center hosting company. Then the company will provide a virtualized desktop environment to the staffs of ITM. This is actually a cloud based solution (Antonopoulos Gillam, 2012). The fourth option suggested by Charlie is to wait-watch and response to the problems related to IS as the problem comes. It is more like a trial and error process where a possible solution for an IS related problem will be offered to the end users and it will be monitored. If the performance of the proved solution is good enough the solution will be deployed at a large scale (Brown et al., 2015). A detailed analysis of the proposed solution is summarized in the following table. The table will help the management to compare the feasibility and benefits of each of the solutions from various perspectives. Criteria Option 1: Centralized Solution Option 2: Workstation Computing Option 3: Outsourcing and Virtual Desktop Environment Option 4: Watch and implement approach for Solutions The ability of the staffs to adopt the proposed solution. The staffs are already accustomed to working in the current mainframe computing environment. The proposed centralized solution will have similarities with the existing solution (Baltzan Phillips, 2015). So, staffs are not likely to face much trouble in the proposed solution. However, people may be resistant to move from UNIX and Sun platform to Linux. The people may find difficulties in moving to the new working environment according to the proposed solution (Schwalbe, 2014). People won't find much difficulty in the proposed environment. Rather it is more user-friendly. However, it will require a high-speed internet connection all the time. Over time, people may find it difficult to work in a custom-made and ad-hoc type environment. Key applications of the system and how staffs can work on the applications The mainframe computers of the company will be there. Additionally, it will require Linux-based PCs rather than Unix and Sun based PCs. The mainframe computers will be replaced slowly. Will require significant changes in hardware and software solutions for data center servers, LAN, and desktop environment (Brown et al., 2015). The existing infrastructure will not be required. The data center management will be outsourced and the vendor will provide virtualized desktop environment. As and when required by a problem. Availability of the tools for the proposed solution Most of the hardware are already present. Software needs to be changed. Most of the solutions will be procured. Available from vendors. As and when required by a problem. Stability of Vendors(s) The vendors are mainly IBM, and Oracle (formerly Sun) and are stable vendors. The vendors are mainly IBM, and Oracle (formerly Sun) and are stable vendors. Vendor selection and stability of vendors may be an issue. However, there are stable vendors like IBM, Amazon, and Microsoft and so on (Antonopoulos Gillam, 2012). Depends on the solutions. Consistency with the vision and strategies of the BG. It matches with the vision of BG. It matches with the vision of BG. It matches with the vision of BG. It does not match with the strategy of BG and there are chances of incompatibility over time. Budget and Capacity Planning It is a low cost and energy efficient solution. Cost- intensive but efficient solution. Cost effective and efficient solution Depends on the solution. There may be performance bottleneck over time (Chang, Chang, Wang, 2014). Software Licensing Required less as most of the solutions are open source (Willcocks, 2013). Required as OS and other application will be Licensed solutions (Willcocks, 2013). No need to consider as the service provider will handle the licensing Will be required. Depends on the chosen solution. Conclusion Before adopting any of the proposed solutions, the company needs to make a strategic plan to align its business processes with the IS requirements (Davenport, 2013). Otherwise, so the solution will be able to fulfill its business requirements. The main problem of the company is, it is more focused on making profits. There were various mergers in past. Each merger needs to assess the changes creeping into the business process (Alaranta Kautz, 2012). But the management did not follow any change management in the business. Currently, the system running the business are mostly legacy systems and requires significant human controls. Hence, there is scope for errors. As suspected by Page, there is the fundamental issue with the IS in the business. It lacks proper strategies to align the business process with the IT. Once, those are aligned, then either option 2 or 3 can be selected based on the business requirements and the strategies. References Alaranta, M., Kautz, K. (2012). A framework for understanding post-merger information systems integration. JITTA: Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 13(1), 5. Antonopoulos, N., Gillam, L. (2012). Cloud Computing. New York: Springer Baltzan, P., Phillips, A. (2015). Business Driven Information Systems. New York: McGraw-Hill. Brown, C. V., Dehayes, D. W., Hoffer, J. (2015). Managing Information Technology: Vital Source (for Pearson) VST E+p. Chang, S.-I., Chang, I.-C., Wang, T. (2014). Information systems integration after merger and acquisition. Industrial Management Data Systems, 114(1), 37-52. Davenport, T. H. (2013). Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology: Harvard Business Press. Schwalbe, K. (2014). Information Technology Project Management. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Willcocks, L. (2013). Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments: Springer.

Wuthering Heights Themes Essays (1316 words) - British Films

Wuthering Heights Themes The novel Wuthering Heights has a very complex storyline and the characters involved are also quite intricate. The story takes place in northern England in an isolated, rural area. The main characters involved are residents of two opposing households: Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. It is a tale of a powerful love between two people, which transcends all boundaries, including that between life and death. The author, Emily Bronte, used parallelism in this novel. Much of what happens in the first half of the story corresponds to events in the second half. This parallelism extends also to the characters; the first generation of characters is comparable to the second generation. Some might argue that these characters are duplicates of each other and that they share many traits. This is not the case for Catherine Earnshaw and Cathy Linton, a mother and her daughter. These two characters are different in numerous aspects of their personalities and lifestyles. Catherine Earnshaw and Cathy Linton differ a great deal when it comes to their family life. Catherine's father did not love her because she was forever misbehaving. He once told her ?Nay Cathy, I cannot love thee; thou'rt worse than thy brother. Go, say thy prayers, child, and ask god's pardon. I doubt thy mother and I must rue the day we ever reared thee!? (1) In relating the tale to Lockwood, Nelly noted that young Catherine was such a ?wild, wicked slip? (Bronte, pg. 37) that she never seemed as content as when she was being scolded. Catherine also treated her brother Hindley poorly. As a child, she neglected him in favour of Heathcliff. As an adult, Catherine made no effort to help Hindley with his drinking problem after Frances died, nor did she try and prevent Heathcliff from taking advantage of Hindley. Cathy Linton, on the other hand, enjoyed a very loving atmosphere at Thrushcross Grange. She and her father, Edgar, were very fond of each other. Edgar was anxious to protect her form the twisted world of Wuthering Heights. Cathy demonstrated her love for her father when she devoted herself to nursing him during his illness. Cathy never had any siblings, but she wished that she had one. She once said ?Pretty Linton! I wish you were my brother.? (Bronte, pg. 219) The reader is certain that if Cathy had a brother they would have been very close. Catherine Earnshaw was an intensely emotional character. From the time she was a child, she made choices based on her urges and feelings, and would become irritated if her will was not maintained. One time she became violently abusive when Nelly insisted on supervising her visit with Edgar. She pinched and slapped Nelly, shook Hareton when he began to cry and then slapped Edgar when he attempted to intervene. This sort of unstable emotional state made Catherine very frail she often became ill after an outburst. Following an argument she had with Heathcliff and Edgar, she became very ill and eventually died. It could be argued that her tendency for passionate outbursts drained the life from her. Cathy Linton was much more sensible than her mother was. She was able to effectively control her emotions at all times, even during confrontations with her tormentor Heathcliff, and remained strong and grounded throughout the novel. At no point was she abusive, except perhaps in her initial treatment of Hareton. The differences in the emotional character of Catherine and Cathy could be explained in the fact that Cathy did not experience a relationship like the torrential love affair Catherine had with Heathcliff. It was this relationship that was the root for all the tragedy in Catherine's life. Heathcliff played a dominant role in both halves of Wuthering Heights and he interacted with both Catherine and Cathy. However, they had very different relationships with him. Catherine and Heathcliff were deeply in love with each other and had been soul mates ever since childhood. Heathcliff often evoked powerful emotions from Catherine, and their encounters often left Catherine in emotional chaos. Cathy did not like Heathcliff and he did not like her. Edgar and Nelly informed Cathy of Heathcliff's terrible history and negative impact on her family. Once she moved into Wuthering Heights and lived with Heathcliff, Cathy was transformed from a bright, cheerful young girl into the sullen, foul-tempered person Lockwood meets during his first visit to the Heights. Heathcliff saw Cathy as the cause of her mother's death and she represented Catherine's betrayal of their love. Cathy inspired many feelings of rage from Heathcliff. For

How to write winning proposals - Emphasis

How to write winning proposals How to write winning proposals Rob Ashton explains how developing your writing skills can help you to win sales. Whether you love them or hate them, you can’t deny that reality TV shows such as The X-Factor provide contestants with honest feedback about their performances. After the tone-deaf wannabes are swiftly weeded out, the ones with raw talent are prodded and guided by Simon et al before being transformed into marketable acts. But when it comes to your sales proposals, the only critics you have are your prospects. There’s usually no training ground before you’re let loose on your public. So if they like what you have to offer, the chances are you’ll get a sale. If they’re uncertain, they may well give you little idea of where you went right or wrong. Imagine that you meet a client and build a good relationship before promising to email over a proposal later in the week. But by the time it comes to putting pen to paper, you’ve forgotten the conversation and struggle to get back into the groove. Instead, you simply send out a standard proposal that leaves the prospect cold and you without a sale. In this case, the client gives some helpful feedback, but it skirts around the real issue. You don’t get the witty one liner that says: ‘great in person, but sounded like a robot on paper’. Most salespeople haven’t been taught how to develop a fresh, personable writing style. But proficient sales writing is a skill that can be learnt. And once you have, your proposals can act as a ‘silent sales force’ that is out there winning business for you while you’re busy pursuing other opportunities. So, become your own judge by learning and applying some simple tips and techniques to your written work. Switch off your computer We tend to live in the virtual world of our computer screens. But at the beginning of the writing process, it’s helpful to get away from the screen and use a pencil and paper to gather your thoughts. So before you type a word, ask yourself the following six questions: What is the proposal about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject (which is not necessarily the same thing)? Doing this allows you to home in on the main ideas and messages you want to communicate. Keep asking yourself: What do you really want to say? Then jot down all the ideas that are essential and important to your proposal. Build a persuasive structure Next, focus your proposal by using the Four Ps technique, which stands for: position (where they are now), problem (why they can’t stay there), possibilities (where they could go) and proposal (where they should go). This approach turns conventional wisdom on its head and is surprisingly effective. It allows you to begin with the client’s situation and needs, and to recommend solutions, while building your credibility in the process. Only then do you write about your pedigree – by which point you’ll just be confirming what they’ve already concluded. Get personal One of the best ways to show your personality through writing is to use words such as ‘we’, ‘us’ and ‘our’. These words help to connect you to your readers. Similarly choose the active voice to make your sentences livelier. For instance, you can write ‘I [or we] guarantee that you’ll notice a difference in three days,’ rather than ‘a difference has been guaranteed within three days.’ Short and sweet Finally, no-one wants to wade through the sales equivalent of War and Peace. Keep sentences to a maximum of 15-20 words and edit ruthlessly until you have a compelling document that begs to be read. Mastering these skills will help you to tailor your writing so that it meets the needs of each particular client. Don’t worry if you don’t hit gold on your first go. For every one-hit wonder in the record business, there are those who’ve created a long, successful career by making constant adjustments to their performance, until they develop that certain something that sets them apart from the rest. For proposal-writing training, see our course for teams and our course for individuals.

Art in dark, Dark in art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art in dark, Dark in art - Essay Example On the other hand, art may not always be depicted in the same positive scenario. In fact, the opposite side of what is picturesque and ecstatic is shown through bloody images that sometimes evoke negative feelings on those who view the art. Gloomy colors, grotesque bodies, and distorted imagery characterize art in dark. Does art in dark have a place in people’s sight, thoughts, and emotions? Why is there such a thing as dark in art and for what purposes does it serve? During the Late Renaissance period, a distinct type of art emerged in Florence, Rome, Italy and eventually the rest of Europe (Esaak). While it was considered a down time for artists in general, there was a group trained in the ancient styles who focused on a different kind of art that was the exact reverse of those during the High Renaissance. This was aptly called the Mannerism and it showed masterpieces packed with unsettling characters with very long limbs, uncanny emotions and ideas, and conflicting colors. The same could be observed with the nude characters that were modeling strange positions. Mannerism was said to be a mixture of Christianity, Classicism, and mythology. Esaak adds that even Michelangelo himself joined in the craze as a reflection of his adaptability and tendency toward emotional art. Michelangelo typically seem to be a bit uncaring when it comes to his portrayals of human beings. In the modern day era, lots of other artists have delved in the same artistic but pessimistic theme. Some of them have graduated in traditional art schools with flying colors. While they have started out in the mainstream, others became confident enough to express their real emotions in their art. Feelings of fear, emptiness, aggression, confusion, anxiety, anger and defeat surround their art works. Despite this inclination towards art in dark, most of these artists have been successful in their respective fields of endeavor. For instance, Anthony Clarkson, a